rstudio.knit

background-image: url("https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1513949474464-08a0bdb4fa54?ixlib=rb-1.2.1&ixid=MnwxMjA3fDB8MHxwaG90by1wYWdlfHx8fGVufDB8fHx8&auto=format&fit=crop&w=1770&q=80")
background-size: cover

# .white.big-text[R  and<br>RStudio:<br>Basics] 
## .white.black[Session - 1]

---
class: middle

.pull-left[
<img src="images/ajaykoli.png" width="70%" style="display: block; margin: auto auto auto 0;" />

Dr Ajay Kumar Koli<br>Head of School of Data Science<br><svg viewBox="0 0 512 512" style="height:1em;position:relative;display:inline-block;top:.1em;" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">  <path d="M320 336c0 8.84-7.16 16-16 16h-96c-8.84 0-16-7.16-16-16v-48H0v144c0 25.6 22.4 48 48 48h416c25.6 0 48-22.4 48-48V288H320v48zm144-208h-80V80c0-25.6-22.4-48-48-48H176c-25.6 0-48 22.4-48 48v48H48c-25.6 0-48 22.4-48 48v80h512v-80c0-25.6-22.4-48-48-48zm-144 0H192V96h128v32z"></path></svg> [Nalanda Academy](https://nalanda-academy.org/) - Wardha<br><svg viewBox="0 0 512 512" style="height:1em;position:relative;display:inline-block;top:.1em;" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">  <path d="M459.37 151.716c.325 4.548.325 9.097.325 13.645 0 138.72-105.583 298.558-298.558 298.558-59.452 0-114.68-17.219-161.137-47.106 8.447.974 16.568 1.299 25.34 1.299 49.055 0 94.213-16.568 130.274-44.832-46.132-.975-84.792-31.188-98.112-72.772 6.498.974 12.995 1.624 19.818 1.624 9.421 0 18.843-1.3 27.614-3.573-48.081-9.747-84.143-51.98-84.143-102.985v-1.299c13.969 7.797 30.214 12.67 47.431 13.319-28.264-18.843-46.781-51.005-46.781-87.391 0-19.492 5.197-37.36 14.294-52.954 51.655 63.675 129.3 105.258 216.365 109.807-1.624-7.797-2.599-15.918-2.599-24.04 0-57.828 46.782-104.934 104.934-104.934 30.213 0 57.502 12.67 76.67 33.137 23.715-4.548 46.456-13.32 66.599-25.34-7.798 24.366-24.366 44.833-46.132 57.827 21.117-2.273 41.584-8.122 60.426-16.243-14.292 20.791-32.161 39.308-52.628 54.253z"></path></svg> [@ajay_kolii](https://twitter.com/ajay_kolii)<br><svg viewBox="0 0 512 512" style="height:1em;position:relative;display:inline-block;top:.1em;" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">  <path d="M464 64H48C21.49 64 0 85.49 0 112v288c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h416c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48V112c0-26.51-21.49-48-48-48zm0 48v40.805c-22.422 18.259-58.168 46.651-134.587 106.49-16.841 13.247-50.201 45.072-73.413 44.701-23.208.375-56.579-31.459-73.413-44.701C106.18 199.465 70.425 171.067 48 152.805V112h416zM48 400V214.398c22.914 18.251 55.409 43.862 104.938 82.646 21.857 17.205 60.134 55.186 103.062 54.955 42.717.231 80.509-37.199 103.053-54.947 49.528-38.783 82.032-64.401 104.947-82.653V400H48z"></path></svg> [koliajaykumar@gmail.com](koliajaykumar@gmail.com)
<br><svg viewBox="0 0 496 512" style="height:1em;position:relative;display:inline-block;top:.1em;" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">  <path d="M336.5 160C322 70.7 287.8 8 248 8s-74 62.7-88.5 152h177zM152 256c0 22.2 1.2 43.5 3.3 64h185.3c2.1-20.5 3.3-41.8 3.3-64s-1.2-43.5-3.3-64H155.3c-2.1 20.5-3.3 41.8-3.3 64zm324.7-96c-28.6-67.9-86.5-120.4-158-141.6 24.4 33.8 41.2 84.7 50 141.6h108zM177.2 18.4C105.8 39.6 47.8 92.1 19.3 160h108c8.7-56.9 25.5-107.8 49.9-141.6zM487.4 192H372.7c2.1 21 3.3 42.5 3.3 64s-1.2 43-3.3 64h114.6c5.5-20.5 8.6-41.8 8.6-64s-3.1-43.5-8.5-64zM120 256c0-21.5 1.2-43 3.3-64H8.6C3.2 212.5 0 233.8 0 256s3.2 43.5 8.6 64h114.6c-2-21-3.2-42.5-3.2-64zm39.5 96c14.5 89.3 48.7 152 88.5 152s74-62.7 88.5-152h-177zm159.3 141.6c71.4-21.2 129.4-73.7 158-141.6h-108c-8.8 56.9-25.6 107.8-50 141.6zM19.3 352c28.6 67.9 86.5 120.4 158 141.6-24.4-33.8-41.2-84.7-50-141.6h-108z"></path></svg> [https://koliajay.netlify.app/](https://koliajay.netlify.app/)
]

]

---

# Modules:

1. .b[Basics of R & RStudio]

1. Dynamic Documents using R Markdown

1. Data Visualisation using ggplot2

1. Data Wrangling using dplyr

1. Slide Crafting using xaringan

---

---

# 😍 R is FREE

- R is a language and environment for statistical computing and graphics. (R project)

- In August 1993, designed by

.pull-left[
<div class="figure" style="text-align: center">
<img src="https://cdn.auckland.ac.nz/aem/content/auckland/en/science/about-the-faculty/department-of-statistics/ihaka-lecture-series/_jcr_content/leftpar/imagecomponent/image.img.480.low.jpg/1561079330278.jpg" alt="Ross Ihaka &lt;br&gt;(New Zealand Statistician)" width="80%" />
<p class="caption">Ross Ihaka <br>(New Zealand Statistician)</p>
</div>

]

.pull-right[
<div class="figure" style="text-align: center">
<img src="https://www.computerhope.com/people/pictures/robert_gentleman.jpg" alt="Robert Gentleman&lt;br&gt;(Canadian Statistician)" width="50%" />
<p class="caption">Robert Gentleman<br>(Canadian Statistician)</p>
</div>

]

---

# Download R from [CRAN](https://cran.r-project.org/mirrors.html)

---

##- R version

##- R name

##- R licence

##- prompt `>`
]

<img src="images/console.png" width="95%" style="display: block; margin: auto auto auto 0;" />
]

---

# .red[Never Save R "Workspace Image":]

- "put more trust in your script than in your memory"

]

<img src="images/quit.png" width="75%" style="display: block; margin: auto;" />
]

---

# .center[R as a BIG calculator]

### .center[What you code]

```r
*1 
```

]

### .center[What you see]

```
## [1] 1
```

]

---

# .center[R as a BIG calculator]

### .center[What you code]

```r
1
*1 + 1
```

]

### .center[What you see]

```
## [1] 1
## [1] 2
```

]

---

# .center[R as a BIG calculator]

### .center[What you code]

```r
1
1 + 1
*34 / 40
```

]

### .center[What you see]

```
## [1] 1
## [1] 2
## [1] 0.85
```

]

---

# .center[R as a BIG calculator]

### .center[What you code]

```r
1
1 + 1
34 / 40
*5 < 4
```

]

### .center[What you see]

```
## [1] 1
## [1] 2
## [1] 0.85
## [1] FALSE
```

]

---

# .center[R as a BIG calculator]

### .center[What you code]

```r
1
1 + 1
34 / 40
5 < 4
*16 == 16
```

]

### .center[What you see]

```
## [1] 1
## [1] 2
## [1] 0.85
## [1] FALSE
## [1] TRUE
```

]

---

# .center[Plot using R]

```r
*plot(1:100)
```

]
  .panel[.panel-name[Output]

]
]

---

class: inverse, hide-count, center, bottom, hide-logo
background-image: url("images/rainbowr.gif")
background-size: 50%
background-position: 50% 5%

# .bottom.big-text[Functions]

---

# R Function

- "A function, in a programming environment, is a set of instructions. A programmer builds a function to avoid repeating the same task, or reduce complexity."

<br>

```r
*round(9.1565, 2)
```

]
  .panel[.panel-name[Output]

```
## [1] 9.16
```

]
]

---

class: center
background-image: url("images/function-args.png")
background-size: 90%
background-position: 60% 70%

# Structure of R function

---

# .center[Round Function]

```r
round(x = 564.56743, digits = 2)
```

]
  .panel[.panel-name[Output]

```
## [1] 564.57
```

]
]

---

# .center[Round Function]

```r
round(x = 564.56743, digits = 1)
```

]

```
## [1] 564.6
```

]
]

---

# .center[Square Root Function]

```r
*sqrt(x = 9)
```

]

```
## [1] 3
```

]
]

---

# .center[Sequence Function]

```r
*seq.int(from = 10, to = 30, by = 5)
```

]

```
## [1] 10 15 20 25 30
```

]
]

---

background-image: url("images/stormyr.gif")
background-size: 42%
background-position: 50% 5%

# .bottom.big-text[Comments]

---

# R Comment:

- "Humans will be able to read the comments, but your computer will pass over them."<sup>1</sup>

- In R, `#` is used as a commenting symbol

---

# .center[How to add comment?]

```r
# secret code of happiness

(1 + 4) - (3 * 5) / 10

## r does not evaluate this
# all these are comments
# comments are very important
```

]

```
## [1] 3.5
```
         
  ]
  
]

---

# 😼 *That's okay but you promise to...*

- combine plot, text, tables and images in a single file.

- publish my work online or convert into a word, pdf or html file.

- work efficiently with my different projects and save, share and track them.

## .orange[WE NEED A SUPERHERO ... ]

---
class: center, middle, hide-count, hide-logo

background-image: url("https://www.rstudio.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/RStudio-Logo-Flat.png")
background-size: contain

---

background-image: url("https://res-5.cloudinary.com/crunchbase-production/image/upload/c_thumb,h_256,w_256,f_auto,g_faces,z_0.7,q_auto:eco/v1398402407/chvmdsmomg96uoz8g3ad.jpg")
background-size: 20%
background-position: 99% 1%

# 😻 About RStudio:

- 2009, Joseph J. Allaire founded RStudio.

- 2011, RStudio IDE for R was launched.

- "RStudio is dedicated to sustainable investment in free and open-source software for data science." (16 Jan 2022)

---
class: center

# R `$\rightleftharpoons$` RStudio

# .big-text[🚗]
]

# .big-text[⚙️]
]

---

# RStudio IDE

---

### RStudio `$\rightarrow$` Tools `$\rightarrow$` Global Options

---

### RStudio `$\rightarrow$` Tools `$\rightarrow$` Global Options

---

background-color: #F5F4F2

---
class: center middle

# R Program

---
class: center middle

# Data Wrangling

---
class: center middle

# Exploratory Data Analysis

---
class: center middle

# Modeling

---
class: center middle

# Data Visualisation

---
class: center middle

# R Program

---

background-image: url("https://pbs.twimg.com/media/FJJ3qyAXwAQSI8s?format=jpg&name=medium")
background-size: 70%
background-position: 70%

.footnote[
[Source](https://www.business-science.io/learning-r/2018/11/04/data-science-r-cheatsheet.html)
]

---

background-image: url("images/space-pkgs.png")
background-position: 110%
background-size: contain

---

# R Packages:

- On 12 Jan 2022, 18698 R packages were available at [CRAN](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/)

- "An R package is a collection of functions, data, and documentation that extends the capabilities of base R. Using packages is key to the successful use of R."

- Top downloaded packages [source](https://www.r-pkg.org/downloaded)

---
class: center

# To Download pkgs

---
class: center

# Name of the R package(s)

---
class: center

# Installed R package(s)

---

# R Function to Download Package

```r
*install.packages("tidyverse")
```

# R Function to use Package

```r
*library(tidyverse)
```

---

# About R Packages:

- You need to install package only once like

- 📚 We buy books once and use them again and again

- 💡 Fix the bulb once and use it again and again

- In every R document you need to `call once` the package using function `library()`, for example library(ggplot2).

- Once in a while, you need to update the installed packages as well.

- If you un-install R or RStudio, you will lose all installed packages.

---

# Tools `$\rightarrow$` Check Package Updates

---
class: center

# Select Package(s) to Update

---
class: center

# Click Install Updates

---
class: center

# To Remove Package(s)

---

# 🧠 YOUR TURN

- Call R packages using console
  ]
  
  .panel[.panel-name[Answer]

```r
install.packages(c("xaringan", "palmerpenguins"))

library(xaringan)
library(palmerpenguins)
```
  
  
  
  ]

]

---

class: hide-count, center, middle
background-image: url("images/heartyr.gif")
background-size: contain
background-position: 5%

# .right.big-text[Objects]

---

# R Object

##- "Just a name that you can use to call up stored data"

---

# .center[Create Object]

```r
*salary <- c(20, 30, 40, 50, -10)
*salary
```

]

```
## [1]  20  30  40  50 -10
```
]

]

---

# .center[Create Object]

```r
name <- c("Ram", "Rani", "Ali", "Preeti", "John")
name
```
         
]
  
.panel[.panel-name[Output]

```
## [1] "Ram"    "Rani"   "Ali"    "Preeti" "John"
```
]
  
]

---

# .center[Create Object]

```r
age <- c(34, 54, 23, 65, 2 )
age
```
      
  ]
  
  .panel[.panel-name[Output]

```
## [1] 34 54 23 65  2
```
         
  ]
  
]

---

# .center[Create Object]

```r
place <- c("ny", "ber", "dhl", "tko", "lon")
place
```
  ]
  
  .panel[.panel-name[Output]

```
## [1] "ny"  "ber" "dhl" "tko" "lon"
```
         
  ]
  
]

---

# .center[Create Object]

```r
books <- c(4, 0, 3, 24, 5)
books
```
         
         
  ]
  
  .panel[.panel-name[Output]

```
## [1]  4  0  3 24  5
```
         
  ]
  
]

---

# Guidelines to name `objects` in R:

- a name cannot start with a number  
  
--

- a name cannot use some special symbols, like ^, !, $, @, +, -, /, or *:  
  
--

- avoid caps  
  
--

- avoid space  
--

- use dash (like na-me) or underscore (like na_me)  
  
--

- if chronology matters then add date (2020-09-05-file-name)
  
---

# RStudio Environment Window

## 🤔.i.green[how to combine these<br> objects/variables into a data or say tidy data]

---
exclude: true

---
exclude: true

---
exclude: true

class: hide-count
background-image: url("images/tidydata_1_2.jpg")
background-size: contain

---
exclude: true

class: hide-count
background-image: url("images/tidydata_2_1.jpg")
background-size: contain

---
exclude: true

class: hide-count
background-image: url("images/tidydata_2_2.jpg")
background-size: contain

---

# Tidy data 👇 😻😻😻

```
##   age books   name place salary
## 1  34     4    Ram    ny     20
## 2  54     0   Rani   ber     30
## 3  23     3    Ali   dhl     40
## 4  65    24 Preeti   tko     50
## 5   2     5   John   lon    -10
```

---

# .center[How to create a data object?]

```r
*social <- data.frame(age, books, name, place, salary)

social

```
         
    ]
  
  .panel[.panel-name[Output]

```
##   age books   name place salary
## 1  34     4    Ram    ny     20
## 2  54     0   Rani   ber     30
## 3  23     3    Ali   dhl     40
## 4  65    24 Preeti   tko     50
## 5   2     5   John   lon    -10
```
         
  ]
  
]

---

# .center[How to export data as a csv file?]

```r
library(readr)
# to save this data set as a csv file
*write_csv(social, "data/social.csv")
```
         
    ]
  
  .panel[.panel-name[Output]

]
  
]

---

# 🧠 YOUR TURN

## .yellow[Write codes for below dataframe]

```
##         state pop    capital foundation
## 1     Germany  20     Berlin 1870-12-10
## 2      France  19      Paris 1789-07-14
## 3       India  50      Delhi 1947-08-15
## 4      Russia  25     Moscow 1990-06-12
## 5         USA  30 Washington 1776-07-04
## 6 New Zealand   5 Wellington 1840-02-06
```

]

```r
state <- c("Germany", "France", "India", "Russia", "USA", "New Zealand")
pop <- c(20, 19, 50, 25, 30, 5)
capital <- c("Berlin", "Paris", "Delhi", "Moscow", "Washington", "Wellington")
foundation <- c("1870-12-10", "1789-07-14", "1947-08-15", "1990-06-12", "1776-07-04", "1840-02-06")
world <- data.frame(state, pop, capital, foundation)
world
```

]

]
<div class="countdown" id="timer_ce0237a4" data-update-every="1" tabindex="0" style="top:0;right:0;font-size:3em;">
<div class="countdown-controls"><button class="countdown-bump-down">−</button><button class="countdown-bump-up">+</button></div>
<code class="countdown-time"><span class="countdown-digits minutes">10</span><span class="countdown-digits colon">:</span><span class="countdown-digits seconds">00</span></code>
</div>

---

# .center[Get a List of all Objects]

```r
# names of created objects
*objects()
```
         
         
  ]
  
  .panel[.panel-name[Output]

```
##  [1] "age"        "books"      "capital"    "foundation" "name"      
##  [6] "place"      "pop"        "salary"     "soc"        "social"    
## [11] "state"      "world"
```
         
  ]
  
]

---

background-image: url("images/breakr.gif")
background-size: 50%
background-position: 90%

---
class: center

# Using Console  `>`

## in console type `?your query`
--
<br><br>.green[for example] `?ggplot`

---

# RStudio: pkg Help Docs
  
<img src="images/help-cran.png" width="60%" style="display: block; margin: auto;" />

---
class: center

# [RStudio Community](https://community.rstudio.com/)
<br>
<img src="images/help-rstd.png" width="90%" style="display: block; margin: auto;" />

---
class: center

# [stackoverflow](https://stackoverflow.com/)
<br>
<img src="images/help-stack.png" width="90%" style="display: block; margin: auto;" />

---
class: center

# [GitHub Issues](https://github.com/)

---
class: center

# [Twitter](https://twitter.com/home) #rstats

---

#  🙋🏽‍♀️🙋‍♂️<br>.big-text[Q&A]

---

# Dynamic Documents<br>using R Markdown
### .orange[Next Module - 2]